Cawv yog ib qho tshuaj hnyav tshaj plaws hauv lub neej txhua hnub.Nws yog ib qho organic compound nrog tsawg kawg ib pawg hydroxyl ua haujlwm (- OH) ua ke nrog cov pa roj carbon saturated.Tom qab ntawd, raws li tus naj npawb ntawm carbon atoms txuas nrog carbon atoms nrog hydroxyl functional pawg, lawv muab faib ua thawj, theem nrab thiab theem nrab.Muaj peb hom tshuaj kuab tshuaj uas nquag siv hauv lub neej txhua hnub.Piv txwv li;Methanol (thawj cawv), ethanol (thawj cawv) thiab isopropanol (secondary cawv).
Methanol
Methanol, tseem hu ua methanol hauv lwm lub npe, yog cov tshuaj nrog cov tshuaj formula CH3OH.Nws yog lub teeb, volatile, tsis muaj xim, flammable kua nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb cawv tsw zoo li ethanol.Methanol feem ntau yog siv los ua kuab tshuaj, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, formaldehyde thiab roj additive hauv chav kuaj.Tsis tas li ntawd, vim nws cov miscibility, nws kuj yog siv los ua xim thinner.Txawm li cas los xij, methanol yog ib hom kab mob carcinogenic thiab cawv.Yog nqus tau los yog nqos, nws yuav ua rau lub paj hlwb tsis zoo thiab tuag.
Ethanol
Ethanol, tseem hu ua ethanol lossis cawv cawv, yog ib qho kev sib xyaw, ib qho cawv yooj yim nrog cov tshuaj formula C2H5OH.Nws yog volatile, flammable, colorless kua nrog ib tug me ntsis yam ntxwv tsw, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov dej cawv, xws li cawv los yog npias.Ethanol tuaj yeem haus tau zoo, tab sis thov zam kev noj ntau dhau vim nws qhov kev quav tshuaj.Ethanol kuj tseem siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj organic, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv zas xim thiab xim, tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab tshuaj hluavtaws.
Isopropyl cawv
Isopropanol, feem ntau hu ua isopropanol lossis 2-propanol lossis lwm yam cawv, nrog rau cov tshuaj formula C3H8O lossis C3H7OH, yog xim tsis muaj xim, flammable thiab muaj zog tsw ntxhiab, feem ntau yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj hauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj ntxuav tes.Hom cawv no kuj yog siv los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov cawv sab nraud thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav tes.Nws yog volatile thiab yuav tawm hauv lub siab txias thaum siv ncaj qha rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij liab qab.Txawm hais tias nws muaj kev nyab xeeb siv rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, isopropanol, tsis zoo li ethanol, tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb vim tias nws muaj tshuaj lom thiab tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev puas tsuaj yog tias nqus tau lossis nqos.
Post lub sij hawm: Sep-19-2022